The impact of solid particles such as dust on gas internal combustion generator sets mainly lies in causing filter blockage, insufficient air intake, and pressure reduction. Inside the engine cylinder, it can cause wear on the cylinder wall and piston, as well as contaminate the lubricating oil, resulting in wear on other components such as sliding bearings and affecting the normal operation of the unit. The built-in filter of the engine gas intake valve group is only used to protect the system from particle damage and cannot be used as a workload filter. Users should install a workload filter in the gas pipeline, and the filter should be installed when the particle diameter is greater than 3 μ At m, the separation rate must reach 99.99% or above.

對(duì)于助燃空氣，顏巴赫燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組要求空氣中顆粒物含量不高于0.1 mg/Nm3，助燃空氣過(guò)濾器至少滿足EN779 G3等級(jí)，且必須確保各類工藝的排放氣體（如工業(yè)廢氣、生物過(guò)程排放尾氣或溶劑）不能進(jìn)入到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)助燃空氣中，以免影響發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行。

For combustion air, Yanbach gas generator sets require that the particulate matter content in the air should not exceed 0.1 mg/Nm3, and the combustion air filter should at least meet the EN779 G3 level. It is necessary to ensure that the exhaust gases from various processes (such as industrial waste gas, biological process exhaust gas, or solvents) cannot enter the engine combustion air to avoid affecting engine operation.

硫

sulfur

在生物沼氣等燃?xì)庵谐３：辛蚧瘹涞群蚧衔铮绻跉飧變?nèi)燃燒則形成二氧化硫和三氧化硫。由于燃?xì)庵泻兴智胰細(xì)馊紵矊a(chǎn)生水分，含硫化合物溶于水形成氫硫酸、亞硫酸和硫酸，這些酸性物質(zhì)會(huì)對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)金屬部件產(chǎn)生腐蝕。含硫化合物溶于機(jī)油中也會(huì)使機(jī)油酸化，降低機(jī)油的潤(rùn)滑能力，縮短機(jī)油使用壽命，并且對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)需要通過(guò)機(jī)油進(jìn)行潤(rùn)滑的部件產(chǎn)生腐蝕性影響，例如軸瓦、凸輪搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)等。此外，含硫化合物也會(huì)對(duì)火花塞的金屬電極產(chǎn)生腐蝕，縮短火花塞使用壽命。

Gases such as biogas often contain sulfur containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. If burned in the cylinder, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide are formed. Due to the presence of moisture in gas and the generation of moisture during combustion, sulfur-containing compounds dissolve in water to form hydrosulfuric acid, sulfite, and sulfuric acid, which can corrode engine metal components. Sulfur-containing compounds dissolved in engine oil can also acidify the oil, reduce its lubrication ability, shorten its service life, and have corrosive effects on components that need to be lubricated through oil in the engine, such as bearing shells, cam rocker mechanisms, etc. In addition, sulfur compounds can also corrode the metal electrodes of spark plugs, shortening their service life.

燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃發(fā)電機(jī)組對(duì)于燃?xì)夂蛄康木唧w要求跟機(jī)組型號(hào)以及燃?xì)饧淄闈舛鹊榷加嘘P(guān)系，一般來(lái)說(shuō)進(jìn)入發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的燃?xì)庵泻蚩偭繎?yīng)低于300 mg/Nm3。此外，帶預(yù)燃室的機(jī)型通常有額外的要求。如果有帶催化劑的尾氣處理設(shè)備，還需考慮催化劑對(duì)硫含量的要求。

The specific requirements for gas sulfur content in gas internal combustion generator sets are related to the unit model and gas methane concentration. Generally, the total sulfur content in the gas entering the engine should be less than 300 mg/Nm3. In addition, models with pre combustion chambers typically have additional requirements. If there is a tail gas treatment equipment with a catalyst, it is also necessary to consider the catalyst's requirements for sulfur content.

在熱電聯(lián)供系統(tǒng)中，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)尾氣常通過(guò)煙氣熱水換熱器進(jìn)行熱交換以回收尾氣余熱。如果煙氣溫度降到硫氧化物（SOx）的酸露點(diǎn)以下，則會(huì)對(duì)換熱器產(chǎn)生腐蝕。圖1為硫氧化物的濃度與酸露點(diǎn)的曲線。

In a cogeneration system, engine exhaust is often heat exchanged through a flue gas hot water heat exchanger to recover exhaust heat. If the flue gas temperature drops below the acid dew point of sulfur oxides (SOx), it will cause corrosion to the heat exchanger. Figure 1 shows the curve between the concentration of sulfur oxides and the acid dew point.

揮發(fā)性有機(jī)硅化合物（VOSC）

Volatile Organic Silicon Compounds (VOSC)

在生物沼氣、垃圾填埋氣中常常出現(xiàn)有機(jī)硅化合物，并且以硅氧烷分解物的形式存在，其特性是可燃、易揮發(fā)。這種物質(zhì)在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中燃燒后會(huì)產(chǎn)生氧化硅，久而久之會(huì)形成沉積物覆蓋在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸蓋表面，這會(huì)增加發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的維護(hù)工作。如果發(fā)電系統(tǒng)配置了催化氧化劑尾氣處理裝置，此類雜質(zhì)還會(huì)使催化劑失效。

Organic silicon compounds often appear in biogas and landfill gas, and exist in the form of siloxane decomposition products, which are flammable and volatile. After combustion in the engine, this substance will produce silicon oxide, which over time will form sediment covering the surface of the engine cylinder head, which will increase the maintenance work of the engine. If the power generation system is equipped with a catalytic oxidant tail gas treatment device, such impurities can also cause catalyst failure.

由于揮發(fā)性可氧化硅化合物的波動(dòng)性，分析其在燃?xì)庵械暮枯^為困難。因此，我們可以對(duì)機(jī)油進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)發(fā)電機(jī)組制造商所提供的檢測(cè)要求和計(jì)算公式，通過(guò)在一定運(yùn)行小時(shí)內(nèi)進(jìn)行兩次機(jī)油檢測(cè)，對(duì)機(jī)油中硅總量進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算特征值，以確定是否滿足機(jī)組正常運(yùn)行的要求。

Due to the volatility of volatile oxidizable silicon compounds, it is difficult to analyze their content in gas. Therefore, we can analyze the oil and, based on the testing requirements and calculation formulas provided by the generator set manufacturer, conduct two oil tests within a certain operating hour to analyze and calculate the characteristic values of the total silicon content in the oil, in order to determine whether it meets the requirements for normal operation of the unit.

焦油

Tar

在冷卻至低于露點(diǎn)的情況下，如果在燃?xì)饣蛘呋旌蠚庵形龀龉虘B(tài)、液態(tài)或者高黏度產(chǎn)物形式的碳?xì)浠衔?，則將這類冷凝或者升華產(chǎn)物稱為焦油。由于不同的運(yùn)行溫度和熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)過(guò)程，生物質(zhì)熱解和氣化過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生成百上千種不同類別的焦油。通常，此類碳?xì)浠衔镌诘蜏赜隼鋾r(shí)凝結(jié)成液態(tài)，會(huì)堵塞進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)、渦輪增壓器葉片和中冷器等。

If hydrocarbons in the form of solid, liquid, or high viscosity products are precipitated in the gas or mixture when cooled to below the dew point, such condensation or sublimation products are called tar. Due to different operating temperatures and thermochemical reaction processes, hundreds or thousands of different types of tar are produced during biomass pyrolysis and gasification. Usually, such hydrocarbons condense into liquid when they are cooled at low temperature, which will block the intake system, turbocharger blades, intercooler, etc.

很難用簡(jiǎn)單的冷凝方法完全去除焦油，因此對(duì)于含有焦油的燃?xì)?，需要在燃?xì)膺M(jìn)氣閥組管路上安裝加熱裝置，同時(shí)避免溫度較低的助燃空氣與含有此類碳?xì)浠衔锏娜細(xì)饣旌?。?duì)生物質(zhì)熱解氣進(jìn)行預(yù)處理后，對(duì)其中焦油的露點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析是一個(gè)行之有效的方法。燃?xì)庵薪褂吐饵c(diǎn)一般應(yīng)低于燃?xì)饴饵c(diǎn)5°C以上，這樣才能避免焦油進(jìn)入燃?xì)饨佑|的部件內(nèi)。以顏巴赫燃?xì)獍l(fā)電機(jī)組為例，機(jī)組對(duì)燃?xì)膺M(jìn)氣溫度的范圍要求是10 - 40°C。

It is difficult to completely remove tar using a simple condensation method. Therefore, for gas containing tar, it is necessary to install a heating device on the gas inlet valve group pipeline, while avoiding the mixing of low-temperature combustion air with gas containing such hydrocarbons. Analyzing the dew point of tar in biomass pyrolysis gas after pre-treatment is an effective method. The dew point of tar in gas should generally be 5 ° C or above lower than the dew point of gas, in order to prevent tar from entering components in contact with gas. Taking Yanbach gas generator unit as an example, the range of gas inlet temperature required by the unit is 10-40 ° C.

通過(guò)上述分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，燃?xì)庵袔追N常見(jiàn)雜質(zhì)將影響燃?xì)鈨?nèi)燃發(fā)電機(jī)組的正常運(yùn)行。如果使用雜質(zhì)超標(biāo)的燃?xì)猓承┣闆r下發(fā)電機(jī)組也許不會(huì)立即發(fā)生運(yùn)行指標(biāo)衰減、故障停機(jī)等顯性問(wèn)題。但這類雜質(zhì)對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)組帶來(lái)的危害將逐漸累積，并對(duì)機(jī)組的運(yùn)行效果，正常維護(hù)間隙甚至使用壽命產(chǎn)生非常深遠(yuǎn)的負(fù)面影響。

Through the above analysis, it can be found that several common impurities in gas will affect the normal operation of gas internal combustion power generation units. If gas with excessive impurities is used, in some cases, the generator unit may not immediately experience obvious problems such as operational indicator attenuation and fault shutdown. However, the harm caused by such impurities to the power generation unit will gradually accumulate, and have a very profound negative impact on the operation effect, normal maintenance clearance, and even service life of the unit.

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