國際上，如何處理餐廚垃圾仍然是一個令人頭痛的問題，各個國家處理餐廚垃圾的主要方法還是填埋。與傳統(tǒng)的垃圾填埋場相比，餐廚垃圾發(fā)電廠中垃圾露天暴露的時間很短，一般不會超過一天，在還未發(fā)出濃重惡臭的時候就進入發(fā)酵罐，產(chǎn)生病菌的可能性大幅減小，從而對土壤、空氣和水源的污染隨之大幅減小。同時，廚余垃圾發(fā)電技術相對簡單，投資也較少，帶來的環(huán)保效益卻十分可觀。因此，餐廚垃圾發(fā)電已經(jīng)成為未來處理餐廚垃圾的發(fā)展趨勢。

　　Internationally, how to deal with kitchen waste remains a headache, and the main method for dealing with kitchen waste in various countries is still landfill. Compared with traditional landfill sites, the outdoor exposure time of garbage in kitchen waste power plants is very short, generally not exceeding one day. It enters the fermentation tank before it emits a strong odor, greatly reducing the possibility of bacterial production, and thus greatly reducing the pollution of soil, air, and water sources. At the same time, the technology of generating electricity from kitchen waste is relatively simple and requires less investment, but the environmental benefits it brings are considerable. Therefore, the generation of electricity from kitchen waste has become a development trend for the future treatment of kitchen waste.

　　餐廚垃圾發(fā)電技術簡介

　　Introduction to Kitchen Waste Power Generation Technology

　　餐廚垃圾經(jīng)過垃圾分類后被運輸?shù)桨l(fā)酵罐中，發(fā)酵罐中含大量的微生物，主要是甲烷細菌，不斷吞食廚余垃圾中的有機物，并排放出可燃燒的甲烷氣體，這就是我們熟知的沼氣。這些沼氣可燃性很好，可以直接用于燃燒發(fā)電，也可以直接輸送給其他工廠作為燃氣。不能被微生物消化的有機物，就沉淀在發(fā)酵罐中成為淤泥，經(jīng)過無害化處理后，可以用作有機肥料。

　　After being classified, kitchen waste is transported to fermentation tanks, which contain a large number of microorganisms, mainly methane bacteria. They constantly ingest organic matter in kitchen waste and emit combustible methane gas, which is known as biogas. These biogas have good combustibility and can be directly used for combustion and power generation, or directly transported to other factories as gas. Organic matter that cannot be digested by microorganisms settles in fermentation tanks and becomes sludge. After harmless treatment, it can be used as organic fertilizer.

　　餐廚垃圾沼氣電站

　　Kitchen waste biogas power station

　　隨著餐廚垃圾處理力度的不斷加大，沼氣電站等清潔能源發(fā)展項目也會隨之增多，在餐廚垃圾變廢為寶的同時，還應考慮到過程中是否還會對周圍環(huán)境形成二次污染。沼氣發(fā)電機組在運轉(zhuǎn)過程中同樣會給大氣帶來污染，其間生成的氮氧化物NOx就是污染環(huán)境和影響人體健康的罪魁禍首。沼氣發(fā)電機組尾氣中的氮氧化物治理成為了餐廚垃圾發(fā)電催生的新需求。

　　With the continuous increase in the treatment of kitchen waste, the development of clean energy projects such as biogas power stations will also increase. While turning kitchen waste into treasure, consideration should also be given to whether the process will also cause secondary pollution to the surrounding environment. Biogas generator sets also cause pollution to the atmosphere during operation, and the nitrogen oxides NOx generated during this process are the main culprits that pollute the environment and affect human health. The treatment of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of biogas generators has become a new demand for the generation of electricity from kitchen waste.

　　沼氣發(fā)電機組尾氣治理技術

　　Exhaust gas treatment technology for biogas generator sets

　　沼氣發(fā)電機組尾氣氮氧化物NOx治理比較成熟的技術是SCR選擇性催化還原技術。選擇性催化還原法（SCR）對沼氣發(fā)電機組尾氣中的NOx進行控制，利用NH3或尿素（通常采用質(zhì)量比為32.5%的尿素水溶液）作為還原性物質(zhì)，在O2濃度高出 NOx濃度兩個數(shù)量級以上的條件下，在一定的溫度和催化劑作用下，利用NH3將NOx還原為N2和H2O，由于NH3選擇性地優(yōu)先還原NOx，而不先與O2反應，故稱之為“選擇性催化還原”。

　　The mature technology for treating nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gas of biogas generators is SCR selective catalytic reduction technology. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) method is used to control NOx in the exhaust gas of biogas generators. NH3 or urea (usually a 32.5% mass ratio urea solution) is used as a reducing substance. Under conditions where the O2 concentration is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the NOx concentration, NH3 is used to reduce NOx to N2 and H2O under certain temperature and catalyst conditions. Since NH3 selectively reduces NOx first without reacting with O2, it is called "Selective Catalytic Reduction".

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