有機廢水就是以有機污染物為主的廢水,有機廢水易造成水質(zhì)富營養(yǎng)化,危害比較大。 在生活污水、食品加工和造紙等工業(yè)廢水中,含有碳水化合物、蛋白質(zhì)、油脂、木質(zhì)素等有機物質(zhì)。這些物質(zhì)以懸浮或溶解狀態(tài)存在于污水中,可通過微生物的生物化學作用而分解。在其分解過程中需要消耗氧氣,因而被稱為耗氧污染物。這種污染物可造成水中溶解氧減少,影響魚類和其他水生生物的生長。水中溶解氧耗盡后,有機物進行厭氧分解,產(chǎn)生硫化氫、氨和硫醇等難聞氣味,使水質(zhì)進一步惡化。水體中有機物成分非常復雜,耗氧有機物濃度常用單位體積水中耗氧物質(zhì)生化分解過程中所消耗的氧量表示,即以生化需氧量(BOD)表示。一般用20℃時,五天生化需氧量(BOD5)表示。
Organic wastewater is wastewater mainly composed of organic pollutants, which can easily cause eutrophication of water quality and pose significant harm. In industrial wastewater such as domestic sewage, food processing, and papermaking, organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, oils, and lignin are present. These substances exist in suspended or dissolved states in sewage and can be decomposed through the biochemical action of microorganisms. During its decomposition process, oxygen needs to be consumed, hence it is called an oxygen consuming pollutant. This pollutant can cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen in water, affecting the growth of fish and other aquatic organisms. After the dissolved oxygen in water is depleted, organic matter undergoes anaerobic decomposition, producing unpleasant odors such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptan, further deteriorating the water quality. The composition of organic matter in water is very complex, and the concentration of oxygen consuming organic matter is commonly expressed as the amount of oxygen consumed during the biochemical decomposition process of oxygen consuming substances per unit volume of water, which is expressed as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Generally, it is expressed as the five day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) at 20 ℃.
主要客戶群
Main customer groups
有機廢水沼氣發(fā)電機組主要客戶群:造紙廠、酒精廠、淀粉廠、藥廠、生化廠等目前檸檬酸、酒精、造紙廠等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中治理“三廢”所需的費用越來越高,去年開始的“環(huán)保風暴”更是使三廢治理工作成為企業(yè)生死存亡的大事情。
The main customer groups of organic wastewater biogas power generation units include paper mills, alcohol factories, starch factories, pharmaceutical factories, biochemical factories, etc. Currently, the cost of treating the "three wastes" in industrial production such as citric acid, alcohol, and paper mills is increasing. The "environmental storm" that began last year has made the treatment of the three wastes a matter of life and death for enterprises.
工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的“三廢”治理主要有三大途徑:
There are three main ways to treat the "three wastes" in industrial production:
一是對“三廢”采取合理有效的治理方法;
One is to adopt reasonable and effective governance methods for the "three wastes";
二是改進合成工藝,將污染消滅在生產(chǎn)工藝過程中;三是對“三廢”合理利用,變廢為寶。
The second is to improve the synthesis process and eliminate pollution in the production process; The third is to make reasonable use of the "three wastes" and turn waste into treasure.
要從根本上消滅污染,關(guān)鍵是要對產(chǎn)生污染的每一個環(huán)節(jié)和步驟進行認真分析和研究,把污染消滅在工藝生產(chǎn)過程中,實現(xiàn)清潔生產(chǎn)。另外,要大力開發(fā)廢物的綜合利用技術(shù),增加企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益,保證企業(yè)的競爭優(yōu)勢。 我們這里討論的 “三廢”主要指其中的有機廢水。工業(yè)有機廢水來源很多,主要來自檸檬酸、制糖、酒精、造紙、養(yǎng)殖、PTA等行業(yè),這些行業(yè)目前處理污水的主流方式是采用生化法進行處理,處理過程中產(chǎn)生大量沼氣,根據(jù)估算,每生產(chǎn)一噸檸檬酸可產(chǎn)生大約225方沼氣,其中甲烷含量可達60%左右,這種沼氣用于發(fā)電是一種非常好的燃料,每方沼氣可以發(fā)1.7度電,效益非常可觀。生產(chǎn)一噸酒精可產(chǎn)生300方沼氣,甲烷含量可達70%,熱值更高。其它行業(yè)類同,產(chǎn)生的沼氣量都很可觀。
To fundamentally eliminate pollution, the key is to carefully analyze and study every link and step that produces pollution, eliminate pollution in the production process, and achieve clean production. In addition, efforts should be made to develop comprehensive waste utilization technologies to increase the economic benefits of enterprises and ensure their competitive advantage. The "three wastes" we are discussing here mainly refer to organic wastewater. There are many sources of industrial organic wastewater, mainly from industries such as citric acid, sugar making, alcohol, papermaking, aquaculture, PTA, etc. Currently, the mainstream method for treating wastewater in these industries is to use biochemical methods for treatment. During the treatment process, a large amount of biogas is generated. According to estimates, each ton of citric acid produced can produce about 225 cubic meters of biogas, with methane content reaching about 60%. This biogas is a very good fuel for power generation, Each square meter of biogas can generate 1.7 kWh of electricity, with significant benefits. Producing one ton of alcohol can produce 300 cubic meters of biogas, with a methane content of up to 70% and a higher calorific value. Similar to other industries, the amount of biogas produced is considerable.
節(jié)源又環(huán)保
Energy saving and environmental protection
沼氣池采用推流式厭氧發(fā)酵工藝,新建9個地下池,容積為1200立方米。沼氣池需達到10至25℃的常溫才能產(chǎn)氣,公司通過修建地下池、加厚土層保溫、利用發(fā)電機熱水和煙氣回收加溫、豬舍消毒水分流等手段,在現(xiàn)處冬季低溫度1至3℃的氣候條件下,使沼氣池的溫度達到19℃以上,已安裝運行近一個月的60千瓦沼氣發(fā)電機組,每天可發(fā)電6至8個小時,解決了冬季因溫度低不產(chǎn)氣發(fā)不了電的技術(shù)難題。到了夏秋兩季每天發(fā)電機組能發(fā)電10至12個小時,年發(fā)電量可達19萬千瓦/時,節(jié)省電費30多萬元。
The biogas digester adopts a push flow anaerobic fermentation process, and 9 new underground tanks are built with a volume of 1200 cubic meters. The biogas digester needs to reach a normal temperature of 10 to 25 ℃ in order to produce gas. The company has built underground digesters, thickened soil layers for insulation, utilized generator hot water and flue gas recovery for heating, and disinfected pig houses for water flow. In the current low winter temperature of 1 to 3 ℃, the temperature of the biogas digester can reach above 19 ℃. A 60 kW biogas generator set has been installed and operated for nearly a month, and can generate electricity for 6 to 8 hours per day, Solved the technical problem of not being able to generate electricity due to low temperature in winter. In the summer and autumn seasons, the power generation unit can generate 10-12 hours of electricity per day, with an annual power generation capacity of 190000 kilowatts per hour, saving over 300000 yuan in electricity bills.
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